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Onicycosis or nail fungus at an advanced stage.Signs, types, treatment methods

According to medical statistics, onylomycosis or fungal damage is a fairly common nail disease, often becoming an advanced form.

Nail fungus: What is it?

Onicycosis is fungal damage to the nail plate caused by various types of microorganisms, mainly Dermatophytic fungi.Such pathogens can live and multiply in a favorable environment for them. The disease is contagious, for this reason, because of their treatment, both dermatologists and infectious disease specialists are approached.

Most of the time, the infection occurs in public bathrooms, saunas, swimming pools.The development of fungal lesions can also be caused by an injury to the nail plate, the secondary immunodeficiency status and antibiotic disorders.

   In the early stages of disease development, the following symptoms take place:

  • stains and strips barely notable on the nail plate (1 degree of damage);
  • peeling of the skin and cracks on the fingers and in interdigital areas;
  • The nail brightness is lost;
  • The color of the nail plate changes;
  • The nail surface is deformed.

In general, people do not pay attention to these signs. In the absence of treatment, the development of fungal lesion occurs in the advanced stage, when microorganisms are introduced into the nail plate and conduct their vital activity below.At this stage It is difficult to get rid of the disease, since the nail becomes a kind of "refuge" of fungi of the effects of local medicines.

Causes of the advanced stage of onychomycosis

The main reasons of the transition to the careless form of the fungus of the nails are:

  • Non -effective medications: Often the use of several antifungal varnishes and creams poorly in the treatment of fungal nail damage;
  • An inopportune treatment;
  • Auto -Medication.

Fungal damage to nail plates is not as safe as it seems sometimes. The active development of microorganisms may imply its entry into the bloodstream and the tissue of the internal organsWhich affects the work of immunity.There is an increase in the risk of infection with viral and infectious diseases.

Also The relapse of the disease is possible.This happens when the patient was not completely treated, did not follow the doctor's recommendations as a whole, with the development of microorganisms for medications and ignoring patients with preventive measures.

What is the danger in a careless way of the nail fungus?

The development of nail fungus to a careless way leads to consequences such as:

  • Immunity reduction;
  • increase the risk of viral and infectious diseases;
  • the penetration of fungi in the blood and internal organs;
  • Varieties of dermatitis, eczema;
  • exacerbation of chronic diseases;
  • the risk of transition from fungus to the skin;
  • The development of allergic reactions to toxins is the appearance of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis.

From one side neurological disorders There are violations of the emotional background: The appearance of depression, neurosis, frequent irritability.

When detecting nail mushrooms It is important to carry out the proper treatment This pathology, compliance with daily hygiene, as well as the realization of prevention for all family members, since the disease is very contagious.

Hygienic procedures for fungal lesions imply the use of Nail baths with the addition of soft drinks, vinegar, sea salt, potassium permanganate, herbal decoctions.It is also important to change often socks, clean the legs and the area between the fingers after washing.

Types of fungi

The most common pathogens of onychomycosis are Dermatophytic fungi - About 86% of all cases.Much less often the disease can cause yeast and mold fungi.You can see the injury of the nail plate, whose source is immediately 2 or 3 types of pathogens.

The most common onhomisis is caused by such varieties of microorganisms:

  • dermatophytes;
  • molds;
  • yeast fungi.

Penetration occurs more frequently through its lateral part, damaged skin and nail plate.These microorganisms cannot face the body With reduced immunity. Dermatophytes cause a change in the structure of the nail through the formation of cavities and channels in it.

Nail damage can be caused and moldsBut rarely.When diagnosing the disease in this case It is possible difficulty determining the pathogen, since characteristic symptoms are generally absent.In this situation, you can only help Bacteriological analysis Treatment of onychomycosis, caused by mold fungi differs from the treatment of nail damage by other microorganisms.

Among yeast, onychomycosis often causes fungi Candida.Within the norm, they are found on the skin and mucous membranes of each person. Provocative factor For the development of damage to the nail, yeast fungi are also Immunity weakening.Destruction of the nail as a result of the activity of such microorganisms It comes from its base, next to the cuticle.

Mushroom signs in advance

The following characteristics are characterized by the advanced form of the disease:

  1. Deforming nail plates with their thickening or thinning.The growth of the stratuminal layer prevents the effect of a medication fungus.
  2. Relaxing, destruction of nail plates.
  3. Change the color of the nail plates, which can be different: from gray yellow to brown and black.This is due to the stratification of the nail, since fungi, dirt, dead skin scales penetrate it.
  4. In the area between the fingers, the skin is red with signs of peeled, the presence of itching and pain.
  5. More than two nails are affected.
  6. The release of the nail nail or its complete destruction.

Complications

Transition of nail fungus to a careless way Dangerous The fact that the active development of these microorganisms leads to a lot of toxic products that produce.

As a result, serious somatic diseases can develop:

  • toxicoderma;
  • toxic liveropathy;
  • Layella syndrome.

Also The disease is dangerous for thosethat in the absence of proper treatment or inadequate therapy with progression, it can lead to The complete destruction of the nail plate.

Skin injury With fungal infection are also Frequent complication: Red eruptions appear in the body, the patient feels burning and itching, after a while, areas that secrete transparent liquid form at the site of the eruption.

Most unwanted complication The propagation of fungal infection is In internal organs, since with this development of the disease, the treatment will be serious and long.

Groups at risk

The following groups of people are distinguished by the most prone to the development of damage to fungal nails:

  1. Older people and advanced age.

Factors that cause the fungus of such people:

  • skin changes associated with age;
  • greater sweat;
  • the presence of concomitant diseases;
  • take drugs weakening the body (antibiotics, corticosteroids);
  • hormonal violations;
  • Gastrointestinal disorders.
  1. Male faces, Especially military, athletes (Due to the use of long -term special shoes, changing rooms, a common soul).
  2. People who have Family member suffers from fungal defeat legs.
  3. City residents (By Reason to visit public places, such as swimming pools, bathrooms, saunas, gyms, manicure and pedicure halls with insufficient disinfection).

Drug varieties

The treatment of fungus in an advanced form must be integral.After examining and performing the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes the following types of medicines:

  • System action drugs - fungal tablets taken inside;
  • Local preparations - ointments, varnishes and creams applied to the affected areas;
  • means for the general strengthening of the body and vitamins;
  • If necessary - Eliminate nail plate (in particularly severe cases).

Description and methods for using drugs

A serious approach - The key to successful fungus treatment in an advanced way.Patients who regularly use medications prescribed by the doctor without spending their use are the best results. With non -complement with medical recommendations The fungus can be bought Drug resistance and must select new medications, which will lead to additional difficulties.

General rules for drug use:

  • Barnices, gels and ointments apply only to purified and the dry surface of the nail plate;
  • All medications for external application They are used regularly: Once or twice a day (you can read accurate information in the instructions for the medication);
  • Before applying varnish or nail ointment, It is necessary to save it as much as possible from damaged tissue and nearby areas of the nail plate;
  • The use of varnish - 2 times in 7 days;
  • Do not use pregnant women and children Local drugs prohibited by instructions, drug medications for such patients are prohibited;
  • apply Local drugs on the nails should be regularly throughout the year or longer;
  • Take tablets only as prescribed by a doctor;
  • The frequency of the application tablets - One or several times a day for approximately 7 daysThen continue interrupt for a period of approximately 3 weeks (depending on the drug);
  • during treatment You can't drink alcohol;
  • Sometimes parallel use is required DrugsReduce harmful Impact on the liver.

Types of elimination of the nail plate

Remove affected nail plate It is carried out if pharmacological treatment does not bring results.This procedure is necessary for the opportunity to grow a new healthy nail.

The standard method to remove the affected nail plate is Surgical intervention Using anesthesia to avoid pain.In the process, both the complete and part of the fungus can be eliminated, subject to the fungus, they can be eliminated.

If desired Remove the nail without unnecessary discomfort You can choose Hardware pedicure.This method is carried out in sterile conditions of a medical institution.It is in Affected nail design With the help of several device's nozzles and cutters.The procedure is done absolutely painless With preliminary softening of the nail plate with special solutions.After eliminating the affected areas, the ointment and the bandage apply to the treated area, set with a patch.

The nail plate can also be removed Chemical method - In the affected place it overlaps Keratolic patch And not eliminated within 2-3 days.During this time, the stratum layer of the nail plate is dissolved.

With a small area of fungal damage, it is possible Home Elimination Method.It will be required first Steam the nail And if necessary, use special varnishes to soften its surface.So Use of pedicure accessories The affected part of the nail is eliminated. The method is not suitable for complete elimination Nail plate.

Remove the nail with a laser

Laser elimination - The most used method in treatment Running Hongus nails.TO The advantages of the procedure are your painless And the ability to eliminate the infection approach to any depth.

The advantages of this method are also:

  • Security and precision of the method - The laser eliminates only the affected areas without falling into neighboring fabrics, and Disinfects the wound in the nail bed area to eliminate the risk of infection;
  • Lack of pain, Since the method refers to minimally invasive;
  • The short duration of the procedure - Delete a hard nail just a few minutes;
  • High efficiency;
  • The relatively low cost of the procedure is its accessibility.

Contraindications Performing the laser from the nail is the presence Decompensated diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, inflammatory processes and viral infections In the body.You cannot perform the procedure and with pregnancy.

The day before laser removal, the legs must be steamed.After bathing with sodas and home soap, it should file and cut the nail surface as much as possible.

When performing the laser extraction of the nail in a place affected by the fungus, the heat is felt.For a complete cure in a careless way, approximately 10 procedures will be required.

Disadvantages of nail elimination

Often, after eliminating the nail plate, undesirable consequences are produced:

  • The growth of a new nail In the bed of the nail, a kind of "side effect";
  • possible Wound infection after surgical elimination (To avoid this, you must change the bandage over time and use several ointments with antimicrobial effects);
  • possible Deformation of the new nail plate.

In the case of a wound nail and infection, it is necessary to seek medical help.

Nail fungus during pregnancy

The main factors that cause onychomycosis during pregnancy:

  • Lack of trace elements: potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others;
  • weakening of the immune forces of the body;
  • greater sweating;
  • Blood circulation deteriorated on the feet;
  • diabetes.

For the fetus, the danger lies in the possible manifestation of the disease at birth, as well as its transition to a chronic form.

Fungus treatment characteristics during pregnancy

The difficulty of treatment Onicycosis during pregnancy It consists of the prohibition of most modern drugs. This measure is necessary to avoid damage to the fetus, since these medications are toxic.It is better to get rid of the fungus after childbirth.

In case of danger of fungal lesions, sometimes a special symptomatic treatment for the fetus is prescribed.Most of the time, it consists of popular methods that can be easily carried out at home.

Auto -medication is not allowed during pregnancy - Only an experienced doctor must compile a therapy scheme.

A common treatment for fungus treatment during pregnancy:

  • Affirmed from the affected areas applying oil gelatin before bedtime, the compress is left until the morning;
  • In the morning they make a warm bath with the addition of laundry soap and soft drinks;
  • Jump from the affected part of the nail and the keratinized skin;
  • Apply local medications prescribed by the doctor.

The course of nail fungus treatment during pregnancy should not exceed 30 days.

Hydrogen peroxide against fungus

Hydrogen peroxide for onychomycosis is used in complex therapy to disinfect the affected area and destroy microbes, The substance is not able to kill the fungus.This liquid is good for adding the damaged area.

The advantage of peroxide is that pregnant women can use it.

This tool is used as follows:

  • Make a bath with hot water and the addition of copper sulfate for damaged areas of nail plates;
  • Clean dry skin;
  • The peroxide is moistened abundantly with a cotton cotton and applies to the injured nail, and then fixed with a bandage;
  • After 40 minutes, the compress is removed, a softened keratinized layer of the illuminated nails is scraped and the local antifungal drug prescribed by the doctor is applied.

These procedures are carried out twice a day: in the morning and before bedtime.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used differently.You will need 2 liters of water and 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide.Liquids mix and the feet are submerged in the resulting solution for half an hour.Then, the legs dry, the affected areas are cut, a therapeutic ointment is applied.

Nail fungus in children

Onicycosis in children often occurs due to the weakening of immunity. Another provocative factor is the insufficient skin thickness, so the risk of infection with a fungus in childhood increases largely.

In the treatment of nail fungus Children use local drugs: ointments, creams.1 or 2 times a day are used, the amount of use depends on the degree of damage.The details of these medications are that the blood does not penetrate and They do not damage the child's body.

As system medications, the doctor can prescribe medications in the form of capsules, tablets, syrups.It is also possible the purpose of intramuscular or intravenous injections.The treatment can be ambulatory and stake.

System preparations have a negative effect on the kidneys and the child's liverTherefore, they are prescribed extremely rarely when local medications are ineffective.

Home remedies

In the treatment of an advanced way, the fungus can be The following popular recipes are effective.Some of them:

  • HOME ENGINE: It will need 200 g of butter, a raw chicken egg along with a shell, 100 g of acetic acid (70%).The first two ingredients are mixed, the third is poured without mixing, covered with a lid, placed in the refrigerator for 7 days.After dissolving the egg peel, the product is completely mixed. Keep refrigerated.
  • The roots of Calamus (15 g) are poured 250 ml of boiling water, the infusion is aged for half an hour under a dense lid. Drink medicine 60 ml 4 times a day. You can use baths with Calamus.In 250 ml of boiling water, 30 g of raw materials falls asleep, let it prepare for half an hour.In the 15 -minute resulting liquid, keep the nail plates affected by the fungus. After 7 procedures, they will collapse. With parallel treatment, they are possible ointments against the fungus for 1.5 months to get rid of the disease.
  • Take 3 cigarette ashes, mix with 0.5 teaspoons.Toothpaste with fluoride. Make compresses With this remedy to spend the night, the next morning to wash.
  • Propolian dye: The joints of the golden mustache plant (50 pcs.) Pour 500 ml of vodka, I insist in 14 days.For treatment, take 3 parts of the water and 1 part of the golden mustache tincture, mix and apply to the affected nails 2 times a day.
  • 15 g of Celandine, 30 g of lilac flowers, 45 g of chopped oak bark are mixed.The dry mixture is poured with 500 ml of water, boiled for an hour. Compresses with this infusion apply to damaged nail plates, Set with bandages.The treatment continues to a complete recovery.

All popular treatment methods should be used only after consulting with a specialist, after approval.

Preventive measures

To avoid infection with a fungus, the following recommendations must be followed:

  • Carefully observe personal hygiene rules;
  • Make the daily disinfection of shoes with the help of special UV dryers to destroy the fungus in it;
  • Do not walk barefoot in public places (bathrooms, saunas or swimming pools), after visiting and water procedures, using ointments and antimicotic creams;
  • Do not wear the shoes and socks of another person.

An integral approach to the treatment, as well as compliance with the previous rules, will contribute to the rapid cure and prevention of the fungus of the nail.